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Using a VPN is a great way to shield your internet traffic when you are traveling, but it's not a solution for encrypting your regional files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shot's iPhone, they asked Apple for a rear door to get beyond the encryption. But no such back door existed, and Apple refused to create one. The FBI needed to employ hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Because the moment a rear door or similar hack is different, it will become a target, a decoration for the poor guys. It will flow sooner or later. In a talk at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic revealed the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update thembut the bad guys can't get in either. .

Each of the products in this roundup explicitly say they have no rear door, and that is as it ought to be. It will mean that in the event you encrypt an essential document and then forget the encryption password, you've lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to maintain a document key you could use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you might lock it up in a safe. The two main methods in encryption utilities parallel with these options.

One type of product simply procedures files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of themselves. Another creates a virtual disk drive that, when open, acts like any other drive on your system. When you lock the virtual drive, all the files you put into it are completely inaccessible. .

Similar to the digital drive solution, some products store your encrypted information in the cloud. This approach requires extreme care, obviously. Encrypted data in the cloud has a far larger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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That is better It actually depends on how you plan to use encryption. If you're not sure, take advantage of the 30-day free trial provided by each one of those products to have a feel for the different options.

After you copy a document into protected storage, or create an encrypted version of it, you absolutely need to wipe out the unencrypted original. Just deleting it isn't sufficient, even in the event that you skip the Recycle Bin, since the data still exists on disc, and data retrieval utilities can often get it back. .

Some encryption products prevent this issue by encrypting the document in location, literally overwriting it on disk using an encrypted version. It is more check these guys out common, though, to offer secure deletion as an option. If you select a product that lacks this attribute, you should find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting information before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic retrieval functions because the magnetic recording of data on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It is more of a waveform. In simple terms, the process involves nulling out the known data and reading around the edges of what is left.

An encryption algorithm is similar to a black box. Dump a document, picture, or other document into it, and you get back what seems like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, with the exact same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and every one of the merchandise gathered here service AES. Even those that support other algorithms tend to recommend using AES.

If you are an encryption specialist, you may prefer another algorithm, Blowfish, possibly, or the Soviet government's GOST. For the average user, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you must keep them secret, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you receive two keys. One is public; you can share it with anyone, register it in an integral exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. Another is private, and needs to be carefully guarded. If I want to send you a secret document, I simply encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this system in reverse, you can make a digital signature that shows that your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Just encrypt it with your private key. The fact your public key decrypts it is all of the proof you need. PKI support is less common than service for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to talk about a document with someone and your encryption application doesn't support PKI, there are other options for sharing. Many products allow creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You may also find that the recipient can use a complimentary, decryption-only tool.